The term “Medieval” refers to the historical period in Europe known as the Middle Ages, which spans roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century. This era is characterized by the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity, and the emergence of various kingdoms and empires. The Middle Ages are often divided into three sub-periods: the Early Middle Ages (circa 500-1000), the High Middle Ages (circa 1000-1300), and the Late Middle Ages (circa 1300-1500).
During the Medieval period, significant developments occurred in art, architecture, literature, and philosophy, exemplified by Gothic cathedrals, troubadour poetry, and scholastic thought. This era also saw the establishment of universities, the Crusades, and the expansion of trade networks. The term “Medieval” is derived from the Latin “medium aevum,” meaning “the middle ages,” and is often associated with images of chivalry, knights, castles, and the manorial system, as well as social, political, and religious upheavals. The Medieval period laid crucial cultural, social, and political foundations that shaped modern Europe.