Polovodiče (semiconductors) are materials with electrical conductivity between that of conductors (like metals) and insulators (like non-metals). Their ability to conduct electricity can be manipulated by adding impurities (a process known as doping) or by changing temperature, making them essential for modern electronics.
In their pure state, semiconductors, like silicon and germanium, have a crystal structure that allows them to conduct electricity under certain conditions but not under others. This unique property enables them to function as the building blocks for various electronic components, including diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.
Semiconductors are fundamental in the development of electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, solar cells, and LED lights. Their behavior is often described using concepts like electron and hole transport, energy bands, and p-n junctions, which are critical for understanding how they operate in electronic circuits. The versatility and efficiency of semiconductors have made them pivotal in the advancement of technology in the modern world.
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